![]() A meta-analysis completed in 2010 by Rogers et al pooled data from 11 studies from the United States, Europe, Asia and Australia with 49,869 subjects and found that the estimated prevalence of any RVO was 0.52%, BRVO was 0.442%, and CRVO was 0.08%. EpidemiologyīRVO is the most common RVO with an incidence of 0.44%-1.6%. Ischemic BRVO is defined as > 5 disc diameters of nonperfusion on fluorescein angiography (FA). BRVO is further classified into perfused (non-ischemic) or nonperfused (ischemic). The increased incidence in the superotemporal quadrant is thought to be due to increased arteriovenous crossings in that quadrant. Macular BRVO involves the superior macular region in 81% of cases and the inferior macular region in 19% of cases. The incidence of BRVO is most common in the superotemporal quadrant (58.1-66%), followed by the inferotemporal quadrant (29%), and least common in the nasal quadrants (12.9%). ![]() Macular BRVO refers to occlusion of a venule within the macula. Major BRVO refers to occlusion of a retinal vein that drains one of the quadrants. The retina has a dual blood supply, with retinal vessels supplying the inner retina, and choroidal vessels supplying the outer retina extending to the outer part of inner nuclear layer.īRVO is classified according to the anatomical location as major or macular. Occlusions occurring at the proximal part of the central retinal vein trunk results in an HRVO, which is considered a subtype of either CRVO or BRVO. ![]() BRVO is a venous occlusion at any branch of the central retinal vein. Retinal vein occlusions are divided into central (CRVO), hemi (HRVO), and branch retinal vein occlusions (BRVO). Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy. During his time in Berlin, he wrote the first paper in the field of ophthalmic genetics about the influence of consanguinity on retinitis pigmentosa. As von Graefe’s clinic grew, and became a center for post-graduate teaching, Liebreich became the primary teacher in von Graefe’s center. The description of the first branch retinal vein occlusion was in one of these papers. Liebreich published the first volumes of Archiv fur Ophthalmologie in 1854/1855 on the appearance of normal and pathological fundi and correlated ophthalmoscopic findings with histology. Liebreich and von Graefe were the first adopters of the ophthalmoscope in clinical practice. He completed his medical studies in Halle in 1853 and then joined von Graefe’s Clinic to become his assistant in 1854. Liebreich was Helmoholtz’s assistant in 1851 when he invented the ophthalmoscope in Konigsberg. The first case of BRVO was described by Richard Liebreich in 1855. ![]()
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